Bob Dole

Robert Joseph Dole
United States Senator from Kansas
In office January 3, 1969 – June 11, 1996
Preceded by	Frank Carlson
Succeeded by	Sheila Frahm
15th and 18th United States Senate Majority Leader
In office January 3, 1995 – June 11, 1996
Preceded by	George J. Mitchell
Succeeded by	Trent Lott
In office January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987
Preceded by	Howard H. Baker, Jr.
Succeeded by	Robert C. Byrd
15th United States Senate Minority Leader
In office January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1995
Preceded by	Robert Byrd
Succeeded by	Tom Daschle
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas's 1st district
In office January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1969
Preceded by	William Henry Avery
Succeeded by	Keith Sebelius
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas's 6th district
In office January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1963
Preceded by	Wint Smith
Succeeded by	District Abolished
47th Chairman of the Republican National Committee
In office 1971–1973
Preceded by	Rogers Morton
Succeeded by	George H. W. Bush
Born	July 22, 1923 (1923-07-22) (age 87) Russell, Kansas
Birth name	Robert Joseph Dole
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	(1) Phyllis Holden, divorced (2) Elizabeth H. Dole
Alma mater	Washburn University
Occupation	Attorney
Religion	Methodist[1]
Law School	Washburn University, 1952
Signature
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1942-1948
Unit	10th Mountain Division
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Bronze Star (1) Purple Heart (2)

Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22, 1923) is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader, where Dole set a record as the longest-serving Republican leader. Bob Dole was his party's 1996 presidential nominee but lost the election to incumbent Democrat Bill Clinton. Previously he was Gerald Ford's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1976 presidential election. Dole is special counsel at the Washington, D.C. office of law firm Alston & Bird.

In 2007, President George W. Bush appointed Dole as a co-chair of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, along with Donna Shalala, a former member of the Clinton cabinet.^[2] Dole is married to former U.S. cabinet member and former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Hanford Dole of North Carolina.

Early years

Dole was born in Russell, Kansas, the son of Bina N. (née Talbott; 1904–1983) and Doran Ray Dole (1901–1975).^[3] His father, who had moved the family to Russell, Kansas while Dole was still a toddler, had made a living by running a small creamery. During the Great Depression, which hit Kansas very hard, the Dole family moved into the basement of their home and rented out the rest of the house. As a boy, Dole took many odd jobs around Russell; Dole would later work as a soda jerk in the local drug store. Dole graduated from Russell High School in the spring of 1941^[4] and enrolled at the University of Kansas the following fall. Dole was a star high school athlete in his native Russell. Influential Kansas basketball coach Phog Allen traveled to Russell to recruit Dole to play for the basketball team. While at KU, Dole played for the basketball team, the track team and also earned a spot on the Kansas freshmen football team. While in college, Dole joined the Kappa Sigma fraternity, where Dole later became one of the "Men Of The Year". Dole's study of law at KU was interrupted by World War II. After the war, Dole returned to being a law student. Dole attended the University of Arizona from 1948 to 1951 and earned his degree from Washburn University School of Law in 1952.

World War II and recovery

In 1942, Dole joined the United States Army's Enlisted Reserve Corps to fight in World War II. Dole became a second lieutenant in the Army's 10th Mountain Division.

In April 1945, while engaged in combat near Castel d'Aiano in the Apennine mountains southwest of Bologna, Italy, Dole was hit by German machine gun fire in his upper right back. His right arm was also badly injured. As Lee Sandlin describes, when fellow soldiers saw the extent of his injuries all they thought they could do was to "give him the largest dose of morphine they dared and write an 'M' for 'morphine' on his forehead in his own blood, so that nobody else who found him would give him a second, fatal dose."^[5] Dole had to wait nine hours on the battlefield before being taken to the 15th Evacuation Hospital. Dole began a recovery that would last until 1948 at Percy Jones Army hospital in Battle Creek, Michigan, where Dole met future fellow politicians Daniel Inouye and Philip Hart. His right arm was paralyzed; Dole often carried a pen in his right hand to signal that Dole could not shake hands with that arm.

The hospital where Dole recovered from his wounds, the former Battle Creek Sanitarium, is now named Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center in honor of three patients who became United States Senators: Philip Hart, Bob Dole, and Daniel Inouye.

Dole was three times decorated for heroism, receiving two Purple Hearts for his injuries, and the Bronze Star with combat "V" for valor for his attempt to assist a downed radio man.

Political career

Dole ran for office for the first time in 1950 and was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives, serving a two-year term. After graduating from law school at Washburn University in Topeka, Dole was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in his hometown of Russell in 1952.

Also in 1952 Dole became the County Attorney of Russell County, serving in that position for eight years. In 1960, Dole was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Kansas' 6th Congressional District, located in central Kansas. In 1962, his district was merged with the 3rd District in western Kansas to form the 1st Congressional District, a huge 60-county district that soon became known as the "Big First." Dole was re-elected that year and twice thereafter without serious difficulty.

U.S. Senate

1982, Dole as a Senator

In 1968, Bob Dole defeated Kansas Governor William H. Avery for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate to succeed retiring Senator Frank Carlson, subsequently being elected. Dole was re-elected in 1974, 1980, 1986, and 1992, before resigning on June 11, 1996 to focus on his Presidential campaign. Dole only faced one truly enthusiastic and well-financed challenger – in 1974 by Congressman Bill Roy. Much of Roy's popularity was in response to the fallout from Watergate. Dole would win re-election in 1974 by only a few thousand votes, having in the end graphically painted Roy as pro-abortion. While in the Senate Bob Dole served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 until 1973, the ranking Republican on the Agriculture Committee from 1975 to 1978, and the ranking Republican on the Finance Committee from 1979 to 1980.

When the Republicans took control of the Senate after the 1980 elections, Dole became chairman of the Finance Committee in 1981, serving until 1985. From 1985, when Howard Baker of Tennessee retired, until his resignation from the Senate, Dole was the leader of the Senate Republicans, serving as Majority Leader from 1985 until 1987 and again from 1995 to 1996. Bob Dole served as Minority Leader from 1987 to 1995. Following the advice of conservative William Kristol, Dole flatly rejected the health care plan of Bill Clinton, remarking, "There is no crisis in health care."

Dole had a moderate voting record and was widely considered to be one of the few Kansas Republicans who could bridge the gap between the moderate and conservative wings of the Kansas Republican Party. As a Congressman in the early '60s Bob Dole supported the major civil rights bills, which appealed to moderates. When Johnson proposed the Great Society in 1964–65, Dole voted against some War on Poverty measures like public-housing subsidies and Medicare, thus appealing to conservatives. Dole's first speech in the Senate in 1969 was a plea for federal aid for the handicapped. Later, as a member of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs Bob Dole joined liberal Senator George McGovern to lower eligibility requirements for federal food stamps, a liberal goal that was supported by Kansas farmers.

Dole's hawkishness on the Vietnam War and on crime issues kept him in good standing with the right wing. When they heard Nixon might make Dole chairman of the Republican National Committee, half the Republican Senators protested, especially moderates who feared Bob Dole would direct party assets to conservatives. They were wrong, as Dole in fact offered something to all Republican factions.^[6]

Presidential politics

Bob Dole (far left) at the 1976 Republican National Convention with (from left) Nancy Reagan, Ronald Reagan, Gerald Ford, Nelson Rockefeller, Susan Ford and Betty Ford

The official portrait of Sen. Dole by Everett Raymond Kinstler, which was unveiled in 2005. It is tradition to commission a portrait for Senate leaders.

During 1988 primaries Dole won Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, Wyoming and home state Kansas

In 1976, Dole ran unsuccessfully for Vice President on a ticket headed by President Gerald Ford. Incumbent Vice President Nelson Rockefeller had withdrawn from consideration the previous fall, and Dole was chosen. Bob Dole stated during the Vice Presidential debate with Walter Mondale, "I figured it up the other day: If we added up the killed and wounded in Democrat wars in this century, it would be about 1.6 million Americans — enough to fill the city of Detroit".^[7] The remark backfired.

Dole ran for the 1980 Republican Presidential nomination, eventually won by Ronald Reagan. Despite Bob Dole's fame from the '76 campaign, Dole was viewed as a lower tier candidate, trailing not only Reagan but George Bush, Howard Baker, John Connally, and John Anderson. Bob Dole received only 597 votes (less than 1%) in the New Hampshire primary and immediately withdrew.

Dole made a more serious bid in 1988, formally announcing his candidacy in Russell, KS on November 9, 1987. At the ceremony, Bob Dole was presented with the cigar box that had been used to collect donations for his war-related medical expenses. The box contained $100,000 in campaign donations. Bob Dole started out strong by solidly defeating then-Vice President George H.W. Bush in the Iowa caucus—Bush finished third, behind television evangelist Pat Robertson. However, Bush recovered in time to defeat Dole in the New Hampshire primary a week later. The New Hampshire contest between the two was particularly bitter although they differed little on the issues. After the returns had come in on the night of that primary, Dole appeared to lose his temper in a television interview. Dole was interviewed live in New Hampshire on NBC by Tom Brokaw, who was in the NBC studio in New York. It happened that Bush was right next to Brokaw in the studio. Brokaw asked Bush if he had anything to say to Dole. Bush responded, "No, just wish him well and meet again in the south." Dole, apparently not expecting to see Bush, when asked the same question about the Vice President said, "Yeah, stop lying about my record", largely in response to a very tough New Hampshire Bush commercial which accused Dole of "straddling" on taxes. This remark prompted some members of the media to perceive him as angry about the loss, contributing to his "hatchet man" image earned during his tenure as RNC chairman and the '76 campaign.

Despite two big wins in South Dakota and Minnesota a week after NH, Bob Dole was not able to recover. Dole, viewed by many as a micromanager who could not effectively oversee a presidential campaign while serving as a senator, did not hire a full time campaign manager, former TN Senator Bill Brock, until the fall of 1987, well after Bush's team had been in place. Despite raising almost as much money as the Bush campaign, the Dole campaign spent its money faster and were vastly outspent in the contests held after IA, NH, MN, and SD. Despite a key Dole endorsement by Senator Strom Thurmond, one of many Republican senators who supported their leader, Dole was defeated by Bush again in South Carolina in early March. Several days later, every southern state voted for Bush in a "Super Tuesday" sweep. Another big victory in Illinois persuaded Dole to withdraw from the race. Dole was at the top of Bush's list for a vice presidential candidate, but Bush surprised the political community by instead choosing Indiana Senator Dan Quayle.

1996 presidential campaign

Election results by county.     Bill Clinton      Bob Dole

Dole was the early front runner for the GOP nomination in the 1996 presidential race. Bob Dole was expected to win the nomination against underdog candidates such as the more conservative Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more moderate Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania. However populist Pat Buchanan upset Dole in the early New Hampshire primary, with Dole finishing second and former Tennessee governor Lamar Alexander finishing third. Publisher Steve Forbes also ran and broadcast a stream of negative ads. At least eight candidates ran for the nomination.

Dole eventually won the nomination, becoming the oldest first-time presidential nominee at the age of 73 years, 1 month (Ronald Reagan was 73 years, 6 months in 1984, for his second presidential nomination). In Bob Dole's acceptance speech, Dole stated "Let me be the bridge to an America that only the unknowing call myth. Let me be the bridge to a time of tranquillity, faith, and confidence in action",^[8] to which incumbent president and Democratic nominee Bill Clinton responded, "We do not need to build a bridge to the past, we need to build a bridge to the future.".^[9] Dole however had been forced to spend more on the primary than he had planned and until the convention in San Diego faced federal limits on campaign spending. Dole hoped to use his long experience in Senate procedures to maximize publicity from his rare positioning as Senate Majority Leader against an incumbent President but was stymied by Senate Democrats. On June 11, 1996, Dole resigned his seat to focus on the campaign, saying Bob Dole was either heading for "The White House or home".^[10]

The incumbent, Bill Clinton, had no serious primary opposition. Dole promised a 15% across-the-board reduction in income tax rates and made former Congressman and supply side advocate Jack Kemp his running mate. Dole also found himself criticized from both the left and the right within the Republican Party over the convention platform, one of the major issues being the inclusion of the Human Life Amendment. Bill Clinton framed the narrative against Dole early, painting him as a mere clone of unpopular then-House Speaker Newt Gingrich, warning America that Bob Dole would work in concert with the Republican Congress to slash popular social programs, like Medicare and Social Security, dubbed by Clinton as "Dole-Gingrich".^[11] Bob Dole's tax-cut plan found itself under attack from the White House, who said it would "blow a hole in the deficit" which had been cut nearly in half during his opponent's term.^[12] During this election, Clinton was behind in the polls in the South-east (other than Florida). Liberal organizations in the South-east began referring to Dole as "Dead Hand Dole," and attempted to discredit Dole as a weak, disabled leader. Dole hated this attack, and rebuffed it as a weak liberal attempt to trick voters. However the liberal plan backfired, and the Southeast electoral votes went to Dole, viewing the attacks as a weak attempt by Clinton to control the South. Dole was defeated, as pundits had long expected, by Bill Clinton in the 1996 election. Clinton won in a 379-159 Electoral College landslide, capturing 49.2% of the vote against Dole's 40.7% and Ross Perot's 8.4% who drew equally from both candidates.^[13]

Bob Dole is the only person in the history of the two major U.S. political parties to have been his party's nominee for both President and Vice President, but who was never elected to either office.

Retirement

2005, Dole speaking at the 60th Anniversary of VE Day

Dole has worked part-time for a Washington, D.C. law firm, and engaged in a career of writing, consulting, public speaking, and television appearances. This has included becoming a television commercial spokesman for such products as Viagra, Visa, Dunkin' Donuts and Pepsi-Cola (with Britney Spears), and as an occasional political commentator on the popular American interview program Larry King Live and has guested a number of times on Comedy Central's satirical news program, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Bob Dole was, for a short time, a commentator opposite Bill Clinton on CBS's 60 Minutes. Bob Dole guest-starred as himself on NBC's Brooke Shields sitcom Suddenly Susan in January 1997 (shortly after losing the presidential election). On the Larry King show Bob Dole had a heated exchange with Democratic presidential primary candidate Wesley Clark in which Bob Dole correctly predicted that Clark would lose the New Hampshire primary and other primaries. In 2001, Dole, at age 77, was treated successfully for an abdominal aortic aneurysm by vascular surgeon Kenneth Ouriel. Dr. Ouriel said Dole "maintained his sense of humor throughout his care."^[14]

The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, housed on the University of Kansas campus in Lawrence, Kansas, was established to bring bipartisanship back to politics. The Institute, which opened in July 2003 to coincide with Dole's 80th birthday, has featured such notables as former President Bill Clinton and former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani.

Dole has written several books, including one on jokes told by the Presidents of the United States, in which Bob Dole ranks the presidents according to their level of humor. On January 18, 1989, Bob Dole was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Reagan. Then, on January 17, 1997, President Clinton awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his service in the military and his political career. Bob Dole received the American Patriot Award in 2004 for his lifelong dedication to America and his service in World War II.

Dole's legacy also includes a commitment to combating hunger both in the United States and around the globe. In addition to numerous domestic programs, along with former Senator George McGovern (D-South Dakota), Bob Dole created an international school lunch program through the George McGovern-Robert Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program, which helps fight child hunger and poverty by providing nutritious meals to children in schools in developing countries. This program has since led to greatly increased global interest in and support for school-feeding programs — which benefit girls and young women, in particular — and won McGovern and Dole the 2008 World Food Prize.

In recent years, Bob Dole has struggled with health problems. In December 2004, Dole had a hip-replacement operation, which required him to receive blood thinners. One month after the surgery it was determined that Dole was bleeding inside his head. He spent 40 days at Walter Reed, and upon release his "good" arm, the left, was of limited use. Dole told a reporter that he needed help to handle the simplest of tasks, since both of his arms are injured. Dole undergoes physical therapy for his left shoulder once a week, but doctors have told him that he might not regain total use of his left arm. In 2009, he was hospitalized for an elevated heart rate and sores on his leg for which he underwent a successful skin graft procedure. In February 2010, he was hospitalized for pneumonia after undergoing knee surgery.

Dole is special counsel at the Washington, D.C., law firm of Alston & Bird. On April 12, 2005, Dole released his autobiography One Soldier's Story: A Memoir (ISBN 0-06-076341-8), which talks of his World War II experiences and his battle to survive his war injuries.

Dole also was responsible for large amounts of fund raising for the U.S. National World War II memorial in Washington D.C.

On June 28, 2004, Senator Robert Dole was named 'Shining Star of Perseverance' by the Assurant Employee Benefits WillReturn Council.^[15]

On September 18, 2004, Senator Dole offered the inaugural lecture to dedicate the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service at which Bob Dole chronicled his life as a public servant as well as discussed the importance of public service in terms of defense, civil rights, the economy, and in daily life.^[16]

In 2007, President George W. Bush appointed Dole and Donna Shalala co-chairs of a commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.^[2]

Dole appears in the 2008 award-winning documentary on Lee Atwater, Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story. In the film, Dole says, "I don't comment on Atwater." Additionally, "This isn't politics, this is garbage."

Personal life

Dole's wife, former Senator Elizabeth Dole

Dole married Phyllis Holden, an occupational therapist at a veterans hospital, in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1948. Their daughter, Robin, was born in 1954. Dole and Holden divorced in 1972.

Dole has been married to Former Senator Elizabeth Dole, née Hanford, of North Carolina since 1975. Mrs. Dole ran unsuccessfully for the Republican Presidential nomination in 2000 and was elected to the United States Senate in 2002, losing her seat in 2008 to Democrat Kay Hagan. On February 22, 2010 Bob Dole was hospitalized for pneumonia.

Parodies in popular culture

Dole is known for carrying a pen in his paralyzed hand and has a habit of referring to himself in the third person. During the New Hampshire primaries in 1996, for example, Bob Dole told supporters "You're going to see the real Bob Dole from now on." By April, a National Review columnist termed the habit "irritating".^[17] The habit has been much-parodied in popular culture:

• Dole has been parodied on Saturday Night Live by Dan Aykroyd and Norm MacDonald. His caricature constantly refers to himself in the third person.^[18] Dole appeared personally on SNL in 1996 shortly after losing the Presidential election. Bob Dole even lampooned his own caricature of his third-person references and criticized Macdonald as doing "an impersonation of Dan Aykroyd doing (him)."
• MADtv featured Bob Dole (played by David Herman) appearing at the 1996 election as Dolemite.
• In an episode of The Simpsons entitled "Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington", the Springfield Republican Party holds a secret meeting where they are deciding on a Congressional nominee. All of the attendees agree on the nomination of Krusty the Clown except for Bob Dole, who nominates himself, citing, "Maybe Bob Dole should run. Bob Dole thinks Bob Dole should. Actually, Bob Dole just wants to hear Bob Dole talk about Bob Dole. BOB DOLE!"^[19] In the episode "Brawl in the Family", Dole attends another secret conference of the Springfield Republican Party to give an inspirational reading from the Necronomicon.
• In "Treehouse of Horror VII", the 1996 Halloween special episode of The Simpsons (and just days before the 1996 presidential election), both President Bill Clinton and Dole are abducted by aliens. While being abducted, Dole remarks, "Bob Dole doesn't need this."
• In the Family Guy episode "Mr. Griffin Goes to Washington", Peter meets Bob Dole, who states, "Bob Dole is a friend of the tobacco industry. Bob Dole likes your style..." then repeatedly refers to himself in third person until Bob Dole eventually falls asleep.
• Dole appears in the Futurama episode "A Head in the Polls" in the "Closet of Presidential Losers", claiming that "Bob Dole needs company. LaRouche won't stop with the knock knock jokes."
• In the 3rd Rock from the Sun episode where Harry Solomon runs for City Council, Bob Dole at one point addresses Dick with Bill Clinton's thumbs up sign, then shifts into third person and displays a pen in his right hand. Bob Dole promptly claims Bob Dole "appeals to both sides."
• In a segment for The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Bob Dole appeared on stage to present his book Great Presidential Wit, and while doing so denied Leno's earlier statements about it being possible for Viagra consumption to lead to blindness in men. "I know a little about Viagra... Bob Dole knows a little about Viagra," Dole claimed, and then proceeded to act as though Bob Dole were losing his vision. In another segment, Bob Dole jokingly claimed—in the third person—that Bob Dole had once been part of the cast of Friends but later resigned to run for President of the United States of America. "Bob Dole should have stayed with Friends," Bob Dole commented.
• In an episode of Johnny Bravo, Dole is parodied as a dinosaur that held a pencil in its right hand and kept referring to itself in the third person as "T-Rex".
• In an episode of SouthPark (Spontaneous Combustion), in a scene with Gerald Broflovski in his office, Bob Dole is heard on the radio mentioning that Bob Dole can 'get it up' while using his name in third person. The joke was that Gerald was suffering with erectile disfunction.

Electoral history

Bibliography

• Dole, Bob: One Soldier's Story: A Memoir. (2005). HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-076341-8
• James W. Ceaser and Andrew E. Busch: Losing to Win: The 1996 Elections and American Politics Rowman & Littlefield, 1997
• Clinton, Bill: My Life. (2005) ISBN 1-4000-3003-X
• Robert E. Denton Jr.: The 1996 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective Praeger Publishers, 1998 online
• Elovitz, Paul: "Work, Laughter and Tears: Bob Dole's Childhood, War Injury, the Conservative Republicans and the 1996 Election." Journal of Psychohistory (1996) 24(2): 147–162. Issn: 0145-3378
• Joshua Wolf Shenk: "The Best and Worst of Bob Dole," Washington Monthly, Vol. 28, July 1996 online
• Kerry Tymchuk, Molly Meijer Wertheimer, Nichola D. Gutgold: Elizabeth Hanford Dole: Speaking from the Heart Praeger, 2004
• Bob Dole discussing Lee Atwater in the film Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story

References

External links

•  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• DOLE, Robert Joseph, (1923 – )
• His official website
• His hometown's biography of him
• His remarks at the dedication of the Dole Institute of Politics at the University of Kansas
• His memorial to Ronald Reagan after Reagan's death (registration required)
• The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics
• His biography on Alston & Bird's website
• CNN AllPolitics review of his early life
• Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Citizens Medal - January 18, 1989
• Bob Dole at the Internet Movie Database

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